DataSet “Epidemics and Pandemics: Big Data for the Scientific Analytics of the Dynamics of Infectious Diseases throughout the World and their Consequences”
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Year 2020 has started from the global pandemic of novel coronavirus infection COVID-2019. Despite the sophisticated medicine, it emerged that humankind is unprepared for its onset. Concerted action by the world's governments and international organizations makes it possible to contain the spread of the infection, and the dedication of doctors makes it possible to keep the mortality rate at an unprecedented low level compared to previous epidemics and pandemics. Full-scale information support under the auspices of the World Health Organization has enabled the international cooperation in combating the virus and the active search for vaccine and medications for people who contracted a disease.
The security measures being implemented are so strong, and the responsibility for their implementation is so high that the new coronavirus pandemic is being compared to war. But this is no ordinary war. Instead of calling for a gathering of people, it requires people to self-isolate. Instead of unsanitary conditions and the shortage of drugs typical of warfare, sanitary control is getting increasingly stringent everywhere, antiviral agents as well as advanced medicines and medical devices have been used. Instead of intensifying the confrontation, this conditional war rallied the whole world in a struggle against the global viral threat.
Medicine is the weapon in this war, as it is aimed at controlling the virus, stopping its further spread and protecting humanity from it. While the media has shifted the attention of great masses of population to the health of themselves and their loved ones, the current mission of science is to find a solution to the multifaceted problem of the pandemic. This is a challenging task not only for medical science, but also for other sciences. Quarantine measures pose a strong challenge to the economy. At the end of the first trimester (as of the end of March) 2020, it may safely be said that a new global crisis has come.
Against the backdrop of business slowdown, the state needs to allocate funds to finance health care, support businesses and the general population that suffer losses. The economic science is aimed at assessing the impact of the pandemic and setting out financial and managerial prospects of dealing with it. Uncertainty gives rise to feverish demand, which in turn leads to artificial scarcity and inflation. The underlying cause of these phenomena is the poor information support for the current situation and the prospects for further progression of events.
Hypotheses that are made by the media have no scientific basis and simply increase uncertainty even more. For example, according to the original hypothesis, COVID-2019 is a biological weapon against Asian countries, and it can only be contracted by representatives of Asians countries contrary to the basic concepts of modern virology, and the confidence of the inhabitants of other regions of the world in this fact prevented them from taking measures to prevent the spread of the infection. This may have been one of the causes of the Italian site of infection.
In order to provide the full scientific support in a struggle against the pandemic of novel coronavirus and future epidemics and pandemics, the Institute of Scientific Communications (ISC) has created a dataset that brings together all relevant and up-to-date statistics on infectious diseases and their impact. We urge all scientists to refocus their attention on research on the pandemic in order to mitigate the crisis and overcome it as soon as possible, and we hope that the ISC dataset will help them in this mission. The dataset consists of two sections.
Section 1 provides detailed information on epidemics and pandemics and their impact since the second half of the 20th century. It examines the temporal dynamics of aggravation of all infectious diseases reported by the World Health Organization throughout the world, as well as the key indicators of the global economy based on the World Bank data (for the period from 1960 to 2018) and the International Monetary Fund (estimates for 2019-2020).
This section presents, first, the ordered data on infectious diseases based on information of the World Health Organization:
• List of infectious diseases;
• Brief description of each infectious disease;
• Countries where an epidemic or pandemic of infectious disease occurred;
• Category according to prevalence of disease and its focalization (epidemic or pandemic);
• Current status of infectious disease;
• The period of the last epidemic or pandemic of infectious disease;
• Mortality rate based on the total number of cases of infectious disease.
Second, the statistics of key indicators of the international economy and health care based on the World Bank data :
• The number of infectious diseases, epidemics or pandemics of which occur in a given year (calculated by the ISC);
• The average mortality rate due to infectious diseases in a given year (calculated by the ISC);
• Global annual GDP growth;
• Global GDP per capita;
• Global annual consumer-price inflation;
• Global unemployment rate;
• Global current health expenditure;
• The number of physicians per 1,000 people throughout the world;
• The number of hospital beds per 1,000 people throughout the world.
Section 2 presents countrywise data. First, the incidence statistics for infections that are most relevant today:
• Mortality rate due to infectious diseases based on the World Bank data;
• The total incidence of HIV, % of population aged 15-49 based on the World Bank data;
• The incidence of tuberculosis per 100,000 people based on the World Bank data;
• The number of coronavirus cases as at the end of March 2020 based on the latest up-to-date data of the World Health Organization and RND.
Second, the statistics of key indicators of potential economic impact of epidemics and pandemics based on the World Bank data :
• Annual GDP growth;
• GDP per capita;
• Annual consumer-price inflation;
• Unemployment rate;
• Gini index as an indicator of income inequality (social stratification) in the economy.
Third, statistics on preparedness of the countries of the world for epidemics and pandemics based on the World Bank data:
• Current health expenditure;
• The number of physicians per 1,000 people;
• The number of hospital beds per 1,000 people.
Advantages of the dataset from the ISC:
• Timeliness: this dataset presents the latest data on pandemic of novel coronavirus infection COVID-2019. The statistics on COVID-2019 will be updated every trimester (3 months) until the end of pandemic; the primary data are presented according to the results of the 1st trimester as at the beginning of April 2020;
• Detailed elaboration : the dataset is not limited to the only morbidity statistics available at the official website of the World Health Organization, but also gives the data on the recovery, incidence and mortality rate of COVID-2019, for which the RND data are used; this allows describing the pandemic as comprehensively as possible;
• Consistency and accuracy: collection and systematization of the basic statistical data in the common dataset;
• Extensive timeliness: the dataset contains the data for 1960-2020, which allows conducting research over time and provide a detailed coverage of epidemics and pandemics in research activities;
• Reliability and fairness: the dataset brings together the statistics from reliable sources of statistical and expert analytic data on social entrepreneurship, namely the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the World Health Organization;
• Information content: the dataset presents the latest international statistics in Russian;
• Clear structure: in order to make working with the dataset more simple, fast and convenient for the users, the topic sections have been identified in its structure;
• Availability of templates: the dataset offers two data templates: G7 countries (developed countries) and BRICS countries (developing countries), CIS countries, EEU countries, geographical templates of parts of the world which enable the expedited collection of necessary data for economic experiments aimed at real-time comparison of countries of main categories, and selection of COVID-2019 incidence rate patterns ;
• Data import: the dataset allows selecting the necessary information and importing it to Microsoft Excel for subsequent analysis;
• Interactivity: the dataset allows sorting and combining various data, bringing them together in a common data array in exactly the manner that is necessary to every user, and automatically making and visualizing virtual country profiles in the context of the COVID-2019 pandemic in 2020;
• Ranking: the dataset has been used as a basis for making a ranking of countries' positions in the context of the COVID-2019 pandemic in 2020;
• Operation according to the block chain principle: first, the data as such are logically structured according to the block chain principle; second, the dataset allows sharing information, modifying and processing it at requests of the users; moreover, initial data remain unchanged, which is very convenient and safe.
The part of the reported study written by Agnessa O. Inshakova was performed by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (Grant No. 20-18-00314).
